Ideology 

28 creative works found

• On Competition and T-Shirt Designs
  by YourHumbleNarrator

  It is my belief that the t-shirt aspect of RedBubble has not yet reached its potential. What t-shirt designers must remember is that h…

  It is my belief that the t-shirt aspect of RedBubble has not yet reached its potential. What t-shirt designers must remember is that here they are competing with a superior aesthetic quality in wall art. The photography and visual art which produces wall art is of a far superior quality aesthetic value than t-shirt designs. High resolution prints can be easily achieved by said artists, while t-shirt designs will always be of a lesser quality because of the material they are printed onto. Thus, trying to make t-shirt designs compete with the wall-art side of RedBubble in aesthetic value is too daunting a task to be overly successful. A picture produced for aesthetic quality is one which draws-in viewers because they simply ‘look good’ to them. It is here that there is a severe disadvantage in aesthetically pleasing pictures – their message, if any, goes totally unnoticed. People looking at pictures want only to be pleased, and so the people producing pictures choose only to produce pictures to please. This appears to be the basis of the wall art side of RedBubble. This is also where t-shirt designs should be utilising a strong advantage. Humans, although wanting to be pleased by beauty, also have brains – therefore they also wish to think. It is this wish for thought that will, eventually, see t-shirt designs being able to compete on a level with wall art in RedBubble. T-shirt designs must appeal to the thought and intelligence of people – filling the gap left by wall art – and propose, above all, a message. This message is achieved by an alienation effect. The alienation effect is where a viewer is forced to be distant from the aesthetics of the design, and instead looks upon the message being presented – thus filling the aforementioned thought void. A t-shirt design must, therefore, not aim to be above all aesthetically pleasing, but to propose a message. Simple pictures and wording, with little minor detail, and still some rough-edges will force any viewer not to look at a t-shirt design for it’s beauty. However, if the aforementioned aspects of designing are used to propose a message, a viewer will think about said message. If the message is strong enough, then the t-shirt design will be popular. T-shirts have the advantage of being a revolutionary tool. Anyone wanting to get out a message will sooner sport a t-shirt with the message than put a print on their wall, because more people would see the t-shirt, and thus the message. While wall art is used for personal satisfaction, a t-shirt design may be used to communicate a whole chain of thought; to propagate a message. It is in this way that t-shirt designs will become more popular, as more people appreciate the message they get out, and thus more people will want to get out said messages. I so conclude that t-shirt designs must not aim to trump wall art for aesthetic value, but instead alienate a viewer in order to present a message or thought. If t-shirt designers are to produce designs to be popular on the level that wall art is, then they should follow the guide of this journal entry, and so create a specific culture of thought and intelligence to surround the t-shirts of RedBubble.

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  Ganesh
  by Karin Lau

  Statue of the Hindu elephant god Ganesh

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  Revolution Tee
  by Tracy Bollinger

  A revolution (from Late Latin revolutio which means “a turn around”) is a significant change that usually occurs in a relatively short period of time. Variously defined revolutions have been happening throughout human history. They vary in terms of numbers of their participants (revolutionaries), means employed by them, duration, motivating ideology and many other aspects. They may result in a socio-political change in the socio-political institutions, or a major change in a culture or economy.~Wikipedia

• 

  Smedley Butler, Semper Fi Personified
  by Steven Torrisi

  Smedley Darlington Butler (1881-1940) is a personal hero and inspiration of mine and hope become yours during these dark times. He was a man of contradictions. A Quaker and a high school dropout he became a First Lieutenant in the Marine Corps before his 18th birthday. Seeing combat in the Banana Wars fought in support of US Dollar Diplomacy in Latin America and Asia between 1898-1927 he also served in World War I ultimately rising and retiring with the rank of 4-star general. He embodied a word which had been dumbed down in today’s press Hero: holding every medal for bravery issued including two Congressional Medals of Honor; technically he should have three CMOH but in 1900 when his first above and beyond the call of duty act of bravery was recorded the medal was not authorized for officers and so received a promotion to captain instead. He was also recommended for the British equivalent of the CMOH the Victoria Cross for rescuing a British soldier during the Boxer Rebellion but in those days American officers were not allowed to receive and wear foreign decorations as they are today. However he did not hold to the reasons why he had to earn these medals. He had intense dislike of seeing the Marine Corps used as muscle for Big Business which would lead him in 1931 to make his famous and very frank “War is a Racket” speech. Made while on active duty before the American Legion Butler’s speech may have been what President Eisenhower was thinking of 30 years later in warning of the Military-Industrial Complex during his own farewell speech to the nation. He was the enlisted man’s general. Fighting in front of them and alongside them never behind them. He knew the value of collecting credible intelligence before committing a nations military to war. Rather than sending someone below him to do the dirty work he went on undercover missions by himself using disguises and getting arrested and bluffing his way out several times prior to one intervention just to deliver accurate information. During the Great Depression he advocated on behalf of WWI veterans seeking early payment of the bonus promised them in 20 years time. An act that would draw him into a plot by Big Business upset with Roosevelt New Deal and decision to abandon the Gold Standard to consider overthrow FDR administration with the help of a paramilitary army of disgruntled and unemployed veterans (as those used in Italy, France and Germany) and replace it with a fascist government with Butler himself in charge. Putting liberty and democracy ahead of dictatorship Butler played amateur detective to gain the confidence of the bankers and industrialist involved and exposed them in 1934 and their front organization the American Liberty League (whose high profile membership list counted among itself the very rich and very anti-semitic) before the bipartisan McCormick-Dickstein Commission looking at Fascist groups in America. This Congressional commission verified Butlers supoenaed testimony and certified a plot to overthrow democracy did indeed exist but that Butler stopped it before it could put its plan into action. Congress in usual fashion did not take any action against the plotters since the issue was now moot.. Played down by the media Butlers allegations were supported by recognized veterans groups at the time. Subsequently the Maguire Affair as it came to be known remains the only instance in recorded American history when America came close to losing its freedom. Butler did not let this story die, and went on radio to criticize both democrats and republicans for failing to bring the plotters to justice. When he died in 1940 he and the story lived on. Aspects of which serving as the character devlopment and storyline for such films as Meet John Doe with Gary Cooper and Seven Days in May with Kirk Douglas. Two films involved using a man on a white horse to convince the common man that in a time of national emergency a dictatorships is what America needs. And since this took place in the 1930s for you Star Wars fans, Butler must be the inspiration for Jedi Knight General Obi-Wan Kenobi and the corporate plot against FDR as the same corporate plot behind the Clone Wars=Banana Wars since this sci-fi serial is based on the 1930s weekly radio and movie serials. If liberty is to survive and experience a rebirth in the USA we must awaken the Butler inside us all. Fact 1: FDR s decision to institute the New Deal and take the U.S. off the Gold Standard led Lewis Douglas, his first Manager of the Budget to resign saying it was the end of western civilization. Big Business, accordingly saw FDR as a traitor to his class. Fact 2: Retired Marine General Smedley Butler along with Philadelphia Record journalist Paul Comly French under Congressional subpoena corroborated details of a fascist plot involving one Gerald C. MacGuire, a former Marine turned Wall Street stock broker and point-man for big businessmen representing the Committee for a Sound Dollar and Sound Currency. Fact 3: MacGuire approached General Butler on several occasions about delivering a prepared speech before the American Legion convention demanding FDR reinstate the Gold Standard; citing patriotism when really the purpose was to scare World War I veterans into siding with Big Business, believing their $1000 bonus will be worthless if Congress gave into their demands and paid out early. Fact 4: Uninterested Butler feigned interest when MacGuire sounded him out on recruiting and leading a veterans army to oust FDR having just returned from Europe studying paramilitary movement responsible for ousting democracies in Italy, France, and Germany; the seed money and arms to be provided by a yet to announced high-profile front organization dedicated to protecting the Constitution. Fact 5: Weeks after this meeting Butler noted reading about the establishment of the American Liberty League to oppose the New Deal. American Liberty League membership rolls included the super-wealthy: industrialists, investment bankers, and turncoat politicians. Brand-names not just well known to the public but who were open anti-Semites; endorsed Eugenics; propped up Banana Republic dictatorships then urged the Marines be sent in to recover bad debts in the name of upholding Dollar Diplomacy; endorsed white supremacist groups; and, heavily invested in Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. Among the Liberty Leaguers, John W. Davis and Al Smith, nominees for the 1924 and 1928 Democratic presidential ticket who had turned against the party after FDR got the 1932 nomination. Fact 6: Media tycoon Henry Luce and his outspoken wife Claire Booth Luce financially and editorially supported ultra right-wing causes, including the American Liberty League. Publisher of Fortune magazine, Luce dedicated the July 1934 issue to extolling the economic achievements of Italy under Mussolini yet used his influence to downplay and ridicule Butler’s assertions in spite of MacGuire’s contradicting himself in Congressional testimony. Fact 7: Luce belonged to the secretive elitist Yale fraternity known as Skull and Bones. Prescott Bush, his sons presidents George H.W. Bush, and George W. Bush, even former Democratic presidential candidate John Kerry, and the SEC head were all Bonesmen. George W. Bush’s famous Some call you the elite, I call you my base, remark was made at the annual Al Smith dinner named for this Liberty League director Butler cited in his testimony that Congress redacted. Fact 8: Jeb Bush, former Florida governor and brother of the former president and former Vice-President Dick Cheney were signatories to the Project for the New American Century urging in letters to then President Clinton and Congress regime change in Iraq. Successful lobbying produced the Iraq Liberation Act of 1998. Fact 9: The Project for the New American Century is the American Liberty League’s alter-ego. Still, ultra right-wing but international in outlook it espouses regime change and the corporate state couched in the words of spreading democracy via free-trade. Pro-Semitic this time around its false concern for Israel is not out of love for Israel it’s love of oil. Keeping their friends close but their enemies closer, oil is priced and sold in dollars. Demand for this Black Gold creates demand for the Greenback giving the U.S. dollar value. Oil is the lubricant of U.S. global military supremacy. Without a sound currency or sound oil supply this vast superpower grinds to a halt. Fact 10: To undermine the U.S. military and economy Iran unsuccessfully tried to sell oil priced in Japanese Yen in 1995 but the adoption of a single European currency, the Euro, posed the real threat when Saddam Hussein like FDR took Iraq off the Dollar-based Black Gold Standard. Fact 11: Privatization of military functions and their acquisitions by equity firms and oil service companies during the 1990s led to the very corporate-bought armies Butler warned Congress about 60 years earlier. Fact 12: Sixty unelected ideologues (some linked by wedlock) representing the PNAC decided what was best for a democracy of 300 million after 9.11.01 as its members kept popping up and shuffling between key U.S. Government posts related to science, defense, trade, commerce, and diplomacy; sat in on the secret energy task force, served on the 9/11 Commission; sat on the World Bank and as U.N. ambassador; perpetrated the Iran-Contra Scandal and masterminded the 2003 Iraq invasion. Fact 13: PNAC signatory I. Lewis Libby and Washington Post journalist Judith Miller (Butler and French’s alter-ego) made the case for regime change based on misinformation and perjury in the Joe Wilson-Valerie Plame scandal; her CIA cover blown by Richard Armitage also a PNAC signatory but then Dep. Sec. of State under retired General Colin Powell. Fact 14: PNAC signatories William Bennett and the late Jeanne Kirkpatrick co-founded Empower America which associated itself with the Citizens for a Sound Economy, an organization in name and goals similar to the Committee for a Sound Dollar and Sound Currency. Fact 15: Rupert Murdoch, a neo-Henry Luce, owns or controls through News Corporation, the Weekly Standard; considered the Neocon playbook its editor-in-chief William Kristol co-founded PNAC; Fox News another News Corp. subsidiary represents the ultra-conservative viewpoint. Still, it represents a fraction of the corporate-owned media that beat the drums for war with Iraq, and is now doing the same for war with Iran. Among the agitators, Ann Coulter, 2003 Claire Booth Luce Public Policy Institute Woman of the Year recipient. Fact 16: Detractors say Butler made his story up though his assertions are replaying with such amazing accuracy. Was he right considering the generational connections?

• 

  See, Hear, Speak No Evil
  by Steven Torrisi

  9×12, graphite

• 

  QUEER TATTOO
  by PHILLIPEDOAN

  Tattoo artist’s name is Martin Sanchez, 3×18” {2007}. . I decided to get this particular tat for several reasons. One reason being my PRIDE in being homo-sexual. Fags get bashed. But Queers though, we’d shoot if necessary… /

• RESURRECTION- RELINQUISH CONTROL
  by Ushna Sardar

  world divided in the many ideologies / where I find myself! / I tried to retrospective / I tried to retaliate / *relinquish control!...

  It’s another collabration with a talented artist Neil Johnson! / I saw the art name called ESCAPE and tried to relate some thoughts! Please check out Neil Johnson’s awesome art work on RB! / Thank you Neil! :)

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  Victim of ideology
  by Mikhail Palinchak

  This photo was made in cooperation of my friend Alexey Popov Browse Palinchak Mikhail art by categories Art Nudes · Fractal Art · Egypt · Landscapes · Conceptual / / / /

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  Waiting for The Thaw
  by mmargot

  ...of Frozen Ideology. *

• Still Worth Reading 10 Years later
  by Bruce Watson

  ’’....Political correctness has killed off documentary in general…’‘

  A stimulating article I stumbled upon…........

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  Thinking Outside Of The Box
  by ArtByDrew

  I think outside the box I’m told / By those that hear my words / My thoughts can not be bought or sold / Nor labeled as absurd / / I do not know how to conform / Nor have I that desire / I do not wish to follow norms / Created by empire / / An open mind, my policy / Catch thoughts like wind in sails / Keep my mind free to hear and see / The truths that will prevail / / I always question everything / Process without an end / And when I find an answer sought / Rethink answer again / / My mind is all that’s truly free / My thoughts can not be taken / A treasure that’s precious to me / And not to be forsaken / / This fractal artwork was inspired by the mind of the artist, which I typically find as one that is ‘thinking outside of the box’. An open mind is a beautiful gift, and most often found alongside the imaginative and creative minds of artistic people. I love bringing my thoughts to my fellow artists, as they see them with an open mind, without the need for debate or condemnation to validate their own views. This is more commonly known as respect, and I have as much respect for their views as I do my own, and often find that this free exchange of thoughts and ideals help me to grow as a person. Thank you all for this gift of growth. / / The original is 3600×3600 pixels at 300 pixels per inch. This is actually an IFS type flame created in Incendia (the same type of fractal created in Apophysis) combined with 3D base shape meshes. The only post processing was to add black borders to bring the artwork to a more standard printing size. Because the original is so large and difficult to see over the internet, I have included a few detail cutaways below. / / / / / / / /

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  Mutagen
  by ArtByDrew

  This element called Mercury / Quicksilver known as too / Has hidden dangers we can’t see / We now seek to construe / / Mutagen with silver sheen / So shiny it’s allure / Mistaken in the way it’s seen / By falsehoods that obscure / / Not friend once thought, instead a foe / Destroys through breath and touch / Hides deep within it’s host to flow / To next host it will clutch / / Leaves souvenir in DNA / With children’s lives at stake / Mutates the genes where it did stay / In those that did partake / / This fractal artwork was inspired by the element mercury, also known as ‘Quicksilver’. Mercury has been hypnotic with it’s liquid silver allure throughout history in every culture on Earth. It is as deadly as it is beautiful, and could be considered the venom of mother nature, as it is a natural element of nature. However, it has been made much more prevalent and toxic due to the technologies of humankind. Mercury is the apple of Eden. / / Mercury occurs in deposits throughout the world as mercuric sulfide or cinnabar, the source of the red pigment vermilion. It is highly toxic by ingestion or inhalation of the dust, and by absorption through the skin and mucous membranes. Mercury poisoning can also result from exposure to soluble forms (such as mercuric chloride or methylmercury), inhalation of mercury vapor, or eating seafood contaminated with mercury. / / The consumption of seafood is by far the most significant source of ingestion-related mercury exposure in humans, although plants and livestock also contain mercury due to bioaccumulation of mercury from soil, water and atmosphere, and due to biomagnification by ingesting other mercury-containing organisms. Exposure to mercury can occur from breathing contaminated air; from eating foods containing mercury residues from processing, such as can occur with high-fructose corn syrup; and from improper use or disposal of mercury and mercury-containing objects, for example, after spills of elemental mercury or improper disposal of fluorescent light bulbs. / / I’m sure you all know of those wonderful, be-green, ‘energy-efficient’ fluorescent replacement bulbs they now tout as helping to save the planet… well over 90 percent of those bulbs available are of the mercury-vapor type, that then end up in the landfills to find their way into waterways and ground water, and/or into the atmosphere. Think about that next time you buy one of these bulbs thinking you are helping the environment by being ‘green’! Be sure to get one of the non-mercury type of fluorescent bulbs ( but these are generally hard to find and more expensive ), or go back to the better mousetrap that Edison originally created ( the incandescent bulb ). / / Human-generated sources such as coal plants emit approximately half of atmospheric mercury, with natural sources such as volcanoes responsible for the remainder. An estimated two-thirds of human-generated mercury comes from stationary combustion, mostly of coal. Other important human-generated sources include gold production, non-ferrous metal production, cement production, waste disposal, crematoria, caustic soda production, pig iron and steel production, mercury production (mostly for batteries), and biomass burning (yet another technology that has been falsely touted as being ‘green’). / / Mercury and many of its chemical compounds, especially organomercury compounds, can also be readily absorbed through direct contact with bare, or in some cases (such as dimethylmercury) insufficiently protected, skin. Mercury and its compounds are commonly used in chemical laboratories, hospitals, dental clinics, and facilities involved in the production of items such as fluorescent light bulbs, batteries, and explosives. / / Fish and shellfish have a natural tendency to concentrate mercury in their bodies, often in the form of methylmercury, a highly toxic organic compound of mercury. Species of fish that are high on the food chain, such as shark, swordfish, king mackerel, albacore tuna, and tilefish contain higher concentrations of mercury than others. As mercury and methylmercury are fat soluble, they primarily accumulate in the viscera, although they are also found throughout the muscle tissue. When this fish is consumed by a higher level predator, the entire body burden of mercury in the consumed fish is transported to the one that consumes that fish. / / Since fish are less efficient at depurating than accumulating methylmercury, fish-tissue concentrations increase over time. Thus species that are high on the food chain amass body burdens of mercury that can be ten times higher than the species they consume. This process is called biomagnification. Think about that next time you are enjoying your seafood dinner! / / The exposure to mercury through seafood is well known. What isn’t well know is the atmospheric exposure to mercury that we all breath in with every breath each day. 27 percent of all atmospheric mercury is from stationary combustion, of which coal-fired power plants are the largest aggregate source. This includes power plants fueled with natural gas where the mercury has not been removed. Emissions from coal combustion are between one and two orders of magnitude higher than emissions from oil combustion, depending on the country. / / Mercury is such a highly reactive toxic agent that it is difficult to identify its specific mechanism of damage, and much remains unknown about the mechanism. It damages the central nervous system, endocrine system, kidneys, and other organs, and adversely affects the mouth, gums, and teeth. Exposure over long periods of time or heavy exposure to mercury vapor can result in brain damage and ultimately death. Mercury and its compounds are particularly toxic to fetuses and infants. Women who have been exposed to mercury in pregnancy usually give birth to children with serious birth defects. / / Mercury exposure in young children can have severe neurological consequences, preventing nerve sheaths from forming properly. Mercury inhibits the formation of myelin. There is some recent evidence that mercury poisoning may predispose to Young’s syndrome (men with bronchiectasis and low sperm count). Mercury poisoning’s effects partially depend on whether it has been caused by exposure to elemental mercury, inorganic mercury compounds (as salts), or organomercury compounds. And last, but surely not least, research has shown that mercury is a mutagen. In biology, a mutagen (Latin, literally origin of change) is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material (usually DNA) of an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level. As many mutations cause cancer, mutagens are typically also carcinogens. Our exposure to mercury dooms our offspring to irreversible and unnatural mutations of their own DNA. / / I know this was particularly long, but I hope it has been educational about an issue that has not been recognized and dealt with as the true danger it truly is to ALL life on Earth… not just humans. Much thanks to Wiki for some background info. / / You can read more about this growing issue at the links that I have provided below, as I have just nicked the top of a very large iceberg with the information given above. Sorry… but you will have to cut and paste the URL of the first URL, due to the really lame formatting Redbubble uses instead of standard HTML, as the Wiki address uses a parenthesis in the address that Redbubble server interprets as something else. There are ways to secure your input these days Redbubble even with standard HTML allowed in input fields. I’d be happy to set that up for you at my modest programming rate of 60 bucks an hour… and I admit that using a parenthesis in a web address is also another really lame practice that should be addressed by Wiki as well. / / Mercury – the element / http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(element) / / Mercury Poisoning / http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_poisoning / / The original is artwork is 3600×3600 pixels at 300 pixels per inch. This is actually an IFS type flame created in Incendia (the same type of fractal created in Apophysis) combined with 3D base shape meshes. The only post processing was to add black borders to bring the artwork to a more standard printing size. / /

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  Thinking Outside Of The Box
  by ArtByDrew

  I think outside the box I’m told / By those that hear my words / My thoughts can not be bought or sold / Nor labeled as absurd / / I do not know how to conform / Nor have I that desire / I do not wish to follow norms / Created by empire / / An open mind, my policy / Catch thoughts like wind in sails / Keep my mind free to hear and see / The truths that will prevail / / I always question everything / Process without an end / And when I find an answer sought / Rethink answer again / / My mind is all that’s truly free / My thoughts can not be taken / A treasure that’s precious to me / And not to be forsaken / / This fractal artwork was inspired by the mind of the artist, which I typically find as one that is ‘thinking outside of the box’. An open mind is a beautiful gift, and most often found alongside the imaginative and creative minds of artistic people. I love bringing my thoughts to my fellow artists, as they see them with an open mind, without the need for debate or condemnation to validate their own views. This is more commonly known as respect, and I have as much respect for their views as I do my own, and often find that this free exchange of thoughts and ideals help me to grow as a person. Thank you all for this gift of growth. / / This is a very high quality transparency that will look great on any color T-shirt you would like to have. You can view the original artwork and description on my gallery page shown below. / / Thinking Outside Of The Box / http://www.redbubble.com/people/artbydrew/art/2729261-2-thinking-outside-of-the-box / /

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  Masking Intentions with Ideology
  by Mariam Muradian

  Oil ppastel and acrylics on 36” x 36” canvas. / 2009 Copyright. All Rights Reserved to Mariam Muradian. The images for these three paintings kept bombarding me all through the nights, and were relentless until I painted them out. The bombarding had the nature of collated, rapid fire Gatling gun – like subliminal raw ingredients. It felt like I was having seizures the whole time of creation. Painting was like a fire storm! An explotion on canvas! There was no planning, technique, or preconception here. These came straight through me without stopping! I still have no clue what they are about or why they had such an urgency attached to them. Their intensity is very difficult for me to go back and look at now that they are finished…do not know why. I just had a sense that they have something to do with the transferrence or the taking of power. Sometimes I believe I am just an art lightning rod. Would love to hear your insights!

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  never forget this horror
  by upthebanner

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  Halloween Witch 1
  by taiche

  RedBubble T-Shirt designs are printed on 100% cotton American Apparel fabric, and are available in cuts to suit men, women and children. To keep them looking great, wash them cold and hang them up to dry. Zazzle Get the hottest T-shirts on the Internet. Choose from thousands of funny, vintage and other great T-shirt designs then customize to fit your size and style. No minimums, orders produced in 24 hours, and 100% satisfaction guaranteed. Zazzle is THE place for T-shirts and all your custom printing needs! Personalize any shirt – Every design on any styles or colors (450+) – No minimum – Organic styles - / Sizes up to 6XL – Satisfaction Guaranteed For information on Halloween, Witches and Brooms scroll to the bottom of the page! / / / SEASONAL SERIES BURN`S NIGHT HALLOWEEN SAINT PATRICK`S SERIES ANIMAL SERIES ART TO WEAR BIRDS CATS AND DOGS SERIES CELTIC SERIES CUTE SERIES DID I HEAR YOU RIGHT SERIES DIGITAL SERIES EINSTEIN SERIES FOR F*’s AKE SERIES GAY SERIES KISS SERIES LINE DRAWING SERIES MANAGRAM SERIES NATIVE AMERICAN SERIES PALINDROME AND AMBIGRAM SERIES PHALLUS SERIES PISS TAKE SERIES RUDE FOOD SERIES SEASONAL SERIES SIGN AND SYMBOL SERIES SMILE SERIES TEXT ONLY SERIES UK POLITICS UNDERWEAR SERIES VINTAGE BURLESQUE SERİES WTF IS THAT ALL ABOUT? My zazzle gallery has a premium range of gifts that are suitable for people of all ages and tastes: an eclectic collection of unusually imaginative, hip and sometimes beautiful designs. Enjoy browsing though this store and please feel free to comment: there is always room for improvement. / / / Some products from my Zazzle store Female Contemporary Art More Zazzle choices from Female Contemporary Art Wear my Art at Female Contemporary Art My Images Do Not Belong To The Public Domain. All images are copyright © taiche. All Rights Reserved. Copying, altering, displaying or redistribution of any of these images without written permission from the artist is strictly prohibited / See more of taiche at Female Contemporary Art / / Baby Custom T-Shirts :dress that baby up with a special design on a custom t-shirt, long sleeve or onesize / Kids Custom T-Shirts .from organic t-shirts to long sleeve shirts, boys, girls, and toddlers can fill their fashion needs with a one-of-a-kind custom t-shirts for kids. Check out the latest organic t-shirts, sweatshirts, and girls shirts. And plenty of styles for toddlers too! Aprons / Bags / Buttons / Cards / Hats / Keds Shoes / Keychains / Magnets / Mousepads / Mugs / Postage / Postcards / Stickers / T-Shirt / Ties* Don’t forget my Calendar Section Courtesy Wikimedia here Witchcraft, in various historical, anthropological, religious and mythological contexts, is the use of certain kinds of supernatural or magical powers. Witchcraft can refer to the use of such powers in order to inflict harm or damage upon members of a community or their property. Other uses of the term distinguish between bad witchcraft and good witchcraft, the latter involving the use of these powers to heal someone from bad witchcraft. The concept of witchcraft is normally treated as a cultural ideology, a means of explaining human misfortune by blaming it either on a supernatural entity or a known person in the community. A witch (from Old English wicce f. / wicca m., also compare hag) is a practitioner of witchcraft. Wikipedia here Halloween (also spelled Hallowe’en) is a holiday celebrated on October 31. It has roots in the Celtic festival of Samhain and the Christian holy day of All Saints’ Day. It is largely a secular celebration, but some Christians and pagans have expressed strong feelings about its religious overtones. Irish immigrants carried versions of the tradition to North America during Ireland’s Great Famine of 1846. The day is often associated with the colors orange and black, and is strongly associated with symbols such as the jack-o’-lantern. Halloween activities include trick-or-treating, wearing costumes, ghost tours, bonfires, costume parties, visiting haunted attractions, carving jack-o’-lanterns, reading scary stories, and watching horror movies. Courtesy wikimpedia here Brooms have long been connected with witchcraft, almost universally portrayed as medieval-style round brooms and associated with female witches. Despite the association with women, in 1453, the first known case of claiming to have flown on a broomstick is recorded, confessed by the male witch Guillaume Edelin. There are, however, prior records of witches flying on sticks or similar objects, usually that had been first greased with a magical flying ointment. Anecdotally, the broom served another purpose during periods of persecution. Witches and other magic practitioners would disguise their wands as broom sticks to avoid suspicion. It is also a tradition that brooms have been used by some as receptacles to harbor temporarily a particular spirit. Today the broom is included in lists of ritual tools in many pagan guide books, where it is often referred to as a besom. A broom is sometimes laid at the opening of some covens’ rossets. Representing the Element of Air, brooms are utilized in the purification of areas. They are used to sweep ritual circles clean of negative energy. The high priestess or high priest walks clockwise, traces the cast circle and sweeps with the broom a few inches off the ground. This practice can be used in addition to or in place of incense to purify a ritual space. It is often employed by those allergic to incense, and during rituals practiced in smoke-free areas. It is also a technique associated with “kitchen witches” who use what’s on hand to work spells. As a tool of purification, decorative brooms are sometimes hung near doors to cleanse those entering a house.

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  Halloween Witch 2
  by taiche

  RedBubble T-Shirt designs are printed on 100% cotton American Apparel fabric, and are available in cuts to suit men, women and children. To keep them looking great, wash them cold and hang them up to dry. Zazzle Get the hottest T-shirts on the Internet. Choose from thousands of funny, vintage and other great T-shirt designs then customize to fit your size and style. No minimums, orders produced in 24 hours, and 100% satisfaction guaranteed. Zazzle is THE place for T-shirts and all your custom printing needs! Personalize any shirt – Every design on any styles or colors (450+) – No minimum – Organic styles - / Sizes up to 6XL – Satisfaction Guaranteed For information on Halloween, Witches and Brooms scroll to the bottom of the page! / / / SEASONAL SERIES BURN`S NIGHT HALLOWEEN SAINT PATRICK`S SERIES ANIMAL SERIES ART TO WEAR BIRDS CATS AND DOGS SERIES CELTIC SERIES CUTE SERIES DID I HEAR YOU RIGHT SERIES DIGITAL SERIES EINSTEIN SERIES FOR F*’s AKE SERIES GAY SERIES KISS SERIES LINE DRAWING SERIES MANAGRAM SERIES NATIVE AMERICAN SERIES PALINDROME AND AMBIGRAM SERIES PHALLUS SERIES PISS TAKE SERIES RUDE FOOD SERIES SEASONAL SERIES SIGN AND SYMBOL SERIES SMILE SERIES TEXT ONLY SERIES UK POLITICS UNDERWEAR SERIES VINTAGE BURLESQUE SERİES WTF IS THAT ALL ABOUT? My zazzle gallery has a premium range of gifts that are suitable for people of all ages and tastes: an eclectic collection of unusually imaginative, hip and sometimes beautiful designs. Enjoy browsing though this store and please feel free to comment: there is always room for improvement. / / / Some products from my Zazzle store Female Contemporary Art More Zazzle choices from Female Contemporary Art Wear my Art at Female Contemporary Art My Images Do Not Belong To The Public Domain. All images are copyright © taiche. All Rights Reserved. Copying, altering, displaying or redistribution of any of these images without written permission from the artist is strictly prohibited / See more of taiche at Female Contemporary Art / / Baby Custom T-Shirts :dress that baby up with a special design on a custom t-shirt, long sleeve or onesize / Kids Custom T-Shirts .from organic t-shirts to long sleeve shirts, boys, girls, and toddlers can fill their fashion needs with a one-of-a-kind custom t-shirts for kids. Check out the latest organic t-shirts, sweatshirts, and girls shirts. And plenty of styles for toddlers too! Aprons / Bags / Buttons / Cards / Hats / Keds Shoes / Keychains / Magnets / Mousepads / Mugs / Postage / Postcards / Stickers / T-Shirt / Ties* Don’t forget my Calendar Section Courtesy Wikimedia here Witchcraft, in various historical, anthropological, religious and mythological contexts, is the use of certain kinds of supernatural or magical powers. Witchcraft can refer to the use of such powers in order to inflict harm or damage upon members of a community or their property. Other uses of the term distinguish between bad witchcraft and good witchcraft, the latter involving the use of these powers to heal someone from bad witchcraft. The concept of witchcraft is normally treated as a cultural ideology, a means of explaining human misfortune by blaming it either on a supernatural entity or a known person in the community. A witch (from Old English wicce f. / wicca m., also compare hag) is a practitioner of witchcraft. Wikipedia here Halloween (also spelled Hallowe’en) is a holiday celebrated on October 31. It has roots in the Celtic festival of Samhain and the Christian holy day of All Saints’ Day. It is largely a secular celebration, but some Christians and pagans have expressed strong feelings about its religious overtones. Irish immigrants carried versions of the tradition to North America during Ireland’s Great Famine of 1846. The day is often associated with the colors orange and black, and is strongly associated with symbols such as the jack-o’-lantern. Halloween activities include trick-or-treating, wearing costumes, ghost tours, bonfires, costume parties, visiting haunted attractions, carving jack-o’-lanterns, reading scary stories, and watching horror movies. Courtesy wikimpedia here Brooms have long been connected with witchcraft, almost universally portrayed as medieval-style round brooms and associated with female witches. Despite the association with women, in 1453, the first known case of claiming to have flown on a broomstick is recorded, confessed by the male witch Guillaume Edelin. There are, however, prior records of witches flying on sticks or similar objects, usually that had been first greased with a magical flying ointment. Anecdotally, the broom served another purpose during periods of persecution. Witches and other magic practitioners would disguise their wands as broom sticks to avoid suspicion. It is also a tradition that brooms have been used by some as receptacles to harbor temporarily a particular spirit. Today the broom is included in lists of ritual tools in many pagan guide books, where it is often referred to as a besom. A broom is sometimes laid at the opening of some covens’ rossets. Representing the Element of Air, brooms are utilized in the purification of areas. They are used to sweep ritual circles clean of negative energy. The high priestess or high priest walks clockwise, traces the cast circle and sweeps with the broom a few inches off the ground. This practice can be used in addition to or in place of incense to purify a ritual space. It is often employed by those allergic to incense, and during rituals practiced in smoke-free areas. It is also a technique associated with “kitchen witches” who use what’s on hand to work spells. As a tool of purification, decorative brooms are sometimes hung near doors to cleanse those entering a house.

• 

  Happy Halloween
  by taiche

  RedBubble T-Shirt designs are printed on 100% cotton American Apparel fabric, and are available in cuts to suit men, women and children. To keep them looking great, wash them cold and hang them up to dry. Zazzle Get the hottest T-shirts on the Internet. Choose from thousands of funny, vintage and other great T-shirt designs then customize to fit your size and style. No minimums, orders produced in 24 hours, and 100% satisfaction guaranteed. Zazzle is THE place for T-shirts and all your custom printing needs! Personalize any shirt – Every design on any styles or colors (450+) – No minimum – Organic styles - / Sizes up to 6XL – Satisfaction Guaranteed For information on Halloween, Witches and Brooms scroll to the bottom of the page! / / / SEASONAL SERIES BURN`S NIGHT HALLOWEEN SAINT PATRICK`S SERIES ANIMAL SERIES ART TO WEAR BIRDS CATS AND DOGS SERIES CELTIC SERIES CUTE SERIES DID I HEAR YOU RIGHT SERIES DIGITAL SERIES EINSTEIN SERIES FOR F*’s AKE SERIES GAY SERIES KISS SERIES LINE DRAWING SERIES MANAGRAM SERIES NATIVE AMERICAN SERIES PALINDROME AND AMBIGRAM SERIES PHALLUS SERIES PISS TAKE SERIES RUDE FOOD SERIES SEASONAL SERIES SIGN AND SYMBOL SERIES SMILE SERIES TEXT ONLY SERIES UK POLITICS UNDERWEAR SERIES VINTAGE BURLESQUE SERİES WTF IS THAT ALL ABOUT? My zazzle gallery has a premium range of gifts that are suitable for people of all ages and tastes: an eclectic collection of unusually imaginative, hip and sometimes beautiful designs. Enjoy browsing though this store and please feel free to comment: there is always room for improvement. / / / Some products from my Zazzle store Female Contemporary Art More Zazzle choices from Female Contemporary Art Wear my Art at Female Contemporary Art My Images Do Not Belong To The Public Domain. All images are copyright © taiche. All Rights Reserved. Copying, altering, displaying or redistribution of any of these images without written permission from the artist is strictly prohibited / See more of taiche at Female Contemporary Art / / Baby Custom T-Shirts :dress that baby up with a special design on a custom t-shirt, long sleeve or onesize / Kids Custom T-Shirts .from organic t-shirts to long sleeve shirts, boys, girls, and toddlers can fill their fashion needs with a one-of-a-kind custom t-shirts for kids. Check out the latest organic t-shirts, sweatshirts, and girls shirts. And plenty of styles for toddlers too! Aprons / Bags / Buttons / Cards / Hats / Keds Shoes / Keychains / Magnets / Mousepads / Mugs / Postage / Postcards / Stickers / T-Shirt / Ties* Don’t forget my Calendar Section Courtesy Wikimedia here Witchcraft, in various historical, anthropological, religious and mythological contexts, is the use of certain kinds of supernatural or magical powers. Witchcraft can refer to the use of such powers in order to inflict harm or damage upon members of a community or their property. Other uses of the term distinguish between bad witchcraft and good witchcraft, the latter involving the use of these powers to heal someone from bad witchcraft. The concept of witchcraft is normally treated as a cultural ideology, a means of explaining human misfortune by blaming it either on a supernatural entity or a known person in the community. A witch (from Old English wicce f. / wicca m., also compare hag) is a practitioner of witchcraft. Wikipedia here Halloween (also spelled Hallowe’en) is a holiday celebrated on October 31. It has roots in the Celtic festival of Samhain and the Christian holy day of All Saints’ Day. It is largely a secular celebration, but some Christians and pagans have expressed strong feelings about its religious overtones. Irish immigrants carried versions of the tradition to North America during Ireland’s Great Famine of 1846. The day is often associated with the colors orange and black, and is strongly associated with symbols such as the jack-o’-lantern. Halloween activities include trick-or-treating, wearing costumes, ghost tours, bonfires, costume parties, visiting haunted attractions, carving jack-o’-lanterns, reading scary stories, and watching horror movies. Courtesy wikimpedia here Brooms have long been connected with witchcraft, almost universally portrayed as medieval-style round brooms and associated with female witches. Despite the association with women, in 1453, the first known case of claiming to have flown on a broomstick is recorded, confessed by the male witch Guillaume Edelin. There are, however, prior records of witches flying on sticks or similar objects, usually that had been first greased with a magical flying ointment. Anecdotally, the broom served another purpose during periods of persecution. Witches and other magic practitioners would disguise their wands as broom sticks to avoid suspicion. It is also a tradition that brooms have been used by some as receptacles to harbor temporarily a particular spirit. Today the broom is included in lists of ritual tools in many pagan guide books, where it is often referred to as a besom. A broom is sometimes laid at the opening of some covens’ rossets. Representing the Element of Air, brooms are utilized in the purification of areas. They are used to sweep ritual circles clean of negative energy. The high priestess or high priest walks clockwise, traces the cast circle and sweeps with the broom a few inches off the ground. This practice can be used in addition to or in place of incense to purify a ritual space. It is often employed by those allergic to incense, and during rituals practiced in smoke-free areas. It is also a technique associated with “kitchen witches” who use what’s on hand to work spells. As a tool of purification, decorative brooms are sometimes hung near doors to cleanse those entering a house.

• 

  Witch Silhouette
  by taiche

  RedBubble T-Shirt designs are printed on 100% cotton American Apparel fabric, and are available in cuts to suit men, women and children. To keep them looking great, wash them cold and hang them up to dry. Zazzle Get the hottest T-shirts on the Internet. Choose from thousands of funny, vintage and other great T-shirt designs then customize to fit your size and style. No minimums, orders produced in 24 hours, and 100% satisfaction guaranteed. Zazzle is THE place for T-shirts and all your custom printing needs! Personalize any shirt – Every design on any styles or colors (450+) – No minimum – Organic styles - / Sizes up to 6XL – Satisfaction Guaranteed For information on Halloween, Witches and Brooms scroll to the bottom of the page! / / / SEASONAL SERIES BURN`S NIGHT HALLOWEEN SAINT PATRICK`S SERIES ANIMAL SERIES ART TO WEAR BIRDS CATS AND DOGS SERIES CELTIC SERIES CUTE SERIES DID I HEAR YOU RIGHT SERIES DIGITAL SERIES EINSTEIN SERIES FOR F*’s AKE SERIES GAY SERIES KISS SERIES LINE DRAWING SERIES MANAGRAM SERIES NATIVE AMERICAN SERIES PALINDROME AND AMBIGRAM SERIES PHALLUS SERIES PISS TAKE SERIES RUDE FOOD SERIES SEASONAL SERIES SIGN AND SYMBOL SERIES SMILE SERIES TEXT ONLY SERIES UK POLITICS UNDERWEAR SERIES VINTAGE BURLESQUE SERİES WTF IS THAT ALL ABOUT? My zazzle gallery has a premium range of gifts that are suitable for people of all ages and tastes: an eclectic collection of unusually imaginative, hip and sometimes beautiful designs. Enjoy browsing though this store and please feel free to comment: there is always room for improvement. / / / Some products from my Zazzle store Female Contemporary Art More Zazzle choices from Female Contemporary Art Wear my Art at Female Contemporary Art My Images Do Not Belong To The Public Domain. All images are copyright © taiche. All Rights Reserved. Copying, altering, displaying or redistribution of any of these images without written permission from the artist is strictly prohibited / See more of taiche at Female Contemporary Art / / Baby Custom T-Shirts :dress that baby up with a special design on a custom t-shirt, long sleeve or onesize / Kids Custom T-Shirts .from organic t-shirts to long sleeve shirts, boys, girls, and toddlers can fill their fashion needs with a one-of-a-kind custom t-shirts for kids. Check out the latest organic t-shirts, sweatshirts, and girls shirts. And plenty of styles for toddlers too! Aprons / Bags / Buttons / Cards / Hats / Keds Shoes / Keychains / Magnets / Mousepads / Mugs / Postage / Postcards / Stickers / T-Shirt / Ties* Don’t forget my Calendar Section Courtesy Wikimedia here Witchcraft, in various historical, anthropological, religious and mythological contexts, is the use of certain kinds of supernatural or magical powers. Witchcraft can refer to the use of such powers in order to inflict harm or damage upon members of a community or their property. Other uses of the term distinguish between bad witchcraft and good witchcraft, the latter involving the use of these powers to heal someone from bad witchcraft. The concept of witchcraft is normally treated as a cultural ideology, a means of explaining human misfortune by blaming it either on a supernatural entity or a known person in the community. A witch (from Old English wicce f. / wicca m., also compare hag) is a practitioner of witchcraft. Wikipedia here Halloween (also spelled Hallowe’en) is a holiday celebrated on October 31. It has roots in the Celtic festival of Samhain and the Christian holy day of All Saints’ Day. It is largely a secular celebration, but some Christians and pagans have expressed strong feelings about its religious overtones. Irish immigrants carried versions of the tradition to North America during Ireland’s Great Famine of 1846. The day is often associated with the colors orange and black, and is strongly associated with symbols such as the jack-o’-lantern. Halloween activities include trick-or-treating, wearing costumes, ghost tours, bonfires, costume parties, visiting haunted attractions, carving jack-o’-lanterns, reading scary stories, and watching horror movies. Courtesy wikimpedia here Brooms have long been connected with witchcraft, almost universally portrayed as medieval-style round brooms and associated with female witches. Despite the association with women, in 1453, the first known case of claiming to have flown on a broomstick is recorded, confessed by the male witch Guillaume Edelin. There are, however, prior records of witches flying on sticks or similar objects, usually that had been first greased with a magical flying ointment. Anecdotally, the broom served another purpose during periods of persecution. Witches and other magic practitioners would disguise their wands as broom sticks to avoid suspicion. It is also a tradition that brooms have been used by some as receptacles to harbor temporarily a particular spirit. Today the broom is included in lists of ritual tools in many pagan guide books, where it is often referred to as a besom. A broom is sometimes laid at the opening of some covens’ rossets. Representing the Element of Air, brooms are utilized in the purification of areas. They are used to sweep ritual circles clean of negative energy. The high priestess or high priest walks clockwise, traces the cast circle and sweeps with the broom a few inches off the ground. This practice can be used in addition to or in place of incense to purify a ritual space. It is often employed by those allergic to incense, and during rituals practiced in smoke-free areas. It is also a technique associated with “kitchen witches” who use what’s on hand to work spells. As a tool of purification, decorative brooms are sometimes hung near doors to cleanse those entering a house.

• Government
  by Luke Luther

  Who is the Government?

• 

  Trinity
  by Janelle McKain

  Graphite on Arches watercolor paper The Christian God-Head as one God in three persons: / Father, Son, and Holy Ghost / As I finished this piece – I noticed in the foreground I had created seven black beady “eyes”. / I now believe these represent the Seven Spirits of God that are a part of the Christian theological teaching from the Book of Revelation they are mentioned four times (Revelation 1:4, 3:1, 4:5, and 5:6): Maybe this is an end times drawing? I really don’t try to analyze my work, but I am intrigued with how THIS one ended up. / /

• 19 October and Another 3 Featured!
  by taiche

  Thankyou to the hosts wh…

  Thankyou to the hosts who take their precious time to managing their Groups and giving the spot-light to our works! To see additional information on each featured piece click on the image: the main page will open :-) “Halloween Witch 1” was featured in Core [C.O.R.E] “Peach Perfection” was featured in In the Pink 50% pink “Love Those Breasts” was featured in “Poetry and Beautiful Women” OCTOBER 2009 Features / / /

• GREEN- THEOCRACY!.
  by Jael

  Eat your pets, save the planet...

  Eat your pets, save the planet

• Sold "Witching Time T-Shirt" on Zazzle. 10.12.09.
  by taiche

  Many many thanks to the c…

  Many many thanks to the customer who has just bought a “Witching Time T-Shirt” on Zazzle. Thankyou for your purchase and visit to my store! / RedBubble T-Shirt designs are printed on 100% cotton American Apparel fabric, and are available in cuts to suit men, women and children. To keep them looking great, wash them cold and hang them up to dry. Zazzle Get the hottest T-shirts on the Internet. Choose from thousands of funny, vintage and other great T-shirt designs then customize to fit your size and style. No minimums, orders produced in 24 hours, and 100% satisfaction guaranteed. Zazzle is THE place for T-shirts and all your custom printing needs! Personalize any shirt – Every design on any styles or colors (450+) – No minimum – Organic styles - / Sizes up to 6XL – Satisfaction Guaranteed For information on Halloween, Witches and Brooms scroll to the bottom of the page! / / / SEASONAL SERIES BURN`S NIGHT HALLOWEEN SAINT PATRICK`S SERIES ANIMAL SERIES ART TO WEAR BIRDS CATS AND DOGS SERIES CELTIC SERIES CUTE SERIES DID I HEAR YOU RIGHT SERIES DIGITAL SERIES EINSTEIN SERIES FOR F*’s AKE SERIES GAY SERIES KISS SERIES LINE DRAWING SERIES MANAGRAM SERIES NATIVE AMERICAN SERIES PALINDROME AND AMBIGRAM SERIES PHALLUS SERIES PISS TAKE SERIES RUDE FOOD SERIES SEASONAL SERIES SIGN AND SYMBOL SERIES SMILE SERIES TEXT ONLY SERIES UK POLITICS UNDERWEAR SERIES VINTAGE BURLESQUE SERİES WTF IS THAT ALL ABOUT? My zazzle gallery has a premium range of gifts that are suitable for people of all ages and tastes: an eclectic collection of unusually imaginative, hip and sometimes beautiful designs. Enjoy browsing though this store and please feel free to comment: there is always room for improvement. / / / Some products from my Zazzle store Female Contemporary Art More Zazzle choices from Female Contemporary Art Wear my Art at Female Contemporary Art My Images Do Not Belong To The Public Domain. All images are copyright © taiche. All Rights Reserved. Copying, altering, displaying or redistribution of any of these images without written permission from the artist is strictly prohibited / See more of taiche at Female Contemporary Art / / Baby Custom T-Shirts :dress that baby up with a special design on a custom t-shirt, long sleeve or onesize / Kids Custom T-Shirts .from organic t-shirts to long sleeve shirts, boys, girls, and toddlers can fill their fashion needs with a one-of-a-kind custom t-shirts for kids. Check out the latest organic t-shirts, sweatshirts, and girls shirts. And plenty of styles for toddlers too! Aprons / Bags / Buttons / Cards / Hats / Keds Shoes / Keychains / Magnets / Mousepads / Mugs / Postage / Postcards / Stickers / T-Shirt / Ties* Don’t forget my Calendar Section Courtesy Wikimedia here Witchcraft, in various historical, anthropological, religious and mythological contexts, is the use of certain kinds of supernatural or magical powers. Witchcraft can refer to the use of such powers in order to inflict harm or damage upon members of a community or their property. Other uses of the term distinguish between bad witchcraft and good witchcraft, the latter involving the use of these powers to heal someone from bad witchcraft. The concept of witchcraft is normally treated as a cultural ideology, a means of explaining human misfortune by blaming it either on a supernatural entity or a known person in the community. A witch (from Old English wicce f. / wicca m., also compare hag) is a practitioner of witchcraft. Wikipedia here Halloween (also spelled Hallowe’en) is a holiday celebrated on October 31. It has roots in the Celtic festival of Samhain and the Christian holy day of All Saints’ Day. It is largely a secular celebration, but some Christians and pagans have expressed strong feelings about its religious overtones. Irish immigrants carried versions of the tradition to North America during Ireland’s Great Famine of 1846. The day is often associated with the colors orange and black, and is strongly associated with symbols such as the jack-o’-lantern. Halloween activities include trick-or-treating, wearing costumes, ghost tours, bonfires, costume parties, visiting haunted attractions, carving jack-o’-lanterns, reading scary stories, and watching horror movies. Courtesy wikimpedia here Brooms have long been connected with witchcraft, almost universally portrayed as medieval-style round brooms and associated with female witches. Despite the association with women, in 1453, the first known case of claiming to have flown on a broomstick is recorded, confessed by the male witch Guillaume Edelin. There are, however, prior records of witches flying on sticks or similar objects, usually that had been first greased with a magical flying ointment. Anecdotally, the broom served another purpose during periods of persecution. Witches and other magic practitioners would disguise their wands as broom sticks to avoid suspicion. It is also a tradition that brooms have been used by some as receptacles to harbor temporarily a particular spirit. Today the broom is included in lists of ritual tools in many pagan guide books, where it is often referred to as a besom. A broom is sometimes laid at the opening of some covens’ rossets. Representing the Element of Air, brooms are utilized in the purification of areas. They are used to sweep ritual circles clean of negative energy. The high priestess or high priest walks clockwise, traces the cast circle and sweeps with the broom a few inches off the ground. This practice can be used in addition to or in place of incense to purify a ritual space. It is often employed by those allergic to incense, and during rituals practiced in smoke-free areas. It is also a technique associated with “kitchen witches” who use what’s on hand to work spells. As a tool of purification, decorative brooms are sometimes hung near doors to cleanse those entering a house.