William Sanford

Difference between F-stop & aperture. by William Sanford

Posted on July 17, 2009

I made a reference in a group of someone not ever having to know the difference between f-stop & aperture and someone else called me out on the difference. Where most people think they are the same, I posted this as an example to the difference.

The f-stop is responsible for DOF (Depth of Field). The lower the f-stop, the lower the number of items that are in focus relative to subject. The higher the f-stop, the higher number of things that are in focus relative to subject. Aperture is the opening that adjusts to the f-stop value. High f-stop, low aperture opening and vice-versa.

For example, on a bright, sunny day with some daisies:
f/32 – narrow aperture and slow shutter speed – a lot of the picture is in focus relative to subject
f/5.6 – wide aperture and fast shutter speed – very little (if any) of the picture is in focus relative to subject

I know it really does seem like semantics, but I believe the difference does work hand in hand with each other in the grand scheme.

  • Garth Smith

    Garth Smith

    Its semantics, splitting very fine hairs indeed and some places in your post the alternative word can be used.
    eg
    The f-stop is responsible for DOF (Depth of Field). I actually think this is wrong.
    The aperture is responsible for DOF (Depth of Field).
    The f-stop is the measure of that aperture. It is the number that describes how far open the lens aperture was.
    Now I am splitting hairs too.

    Its a bit like distance and kilometres. Kilometres is a measure of distance,
    F/stop is a measure of aperture.

  • Diado

    Diado

    It’s also worth pointing out that you won’t necessarily get more in focus with a higher f-stop (narrower aperture) – Once you get past F/16ish you start losing detail due to diffraction on most lenses. Apparently the “sweet spot” for most lenses is around F/8, although I’ve found on my two lenses that it’s closer to F/11.

  • William Sanford:

    I have a picture here with the following details:

    Nikon D200
    AF-S Nikkor 55-200mm ED VR
    f/22
    exp. time 1/8000 sec.
    ISO 1600

  • William Sanford

    William Sanford

    First, the linear aperture is the diameter of the opening and the relative aperture (F/stop) focal length divided by linear aperture.

    The reason I explained it like I did, it seems easy to remember the higher the f-stop; the more that will be in the shot (DoF).

  • Diado

    Diado

    Although it’s a little hard to tell due to the size, it would appear that the shot you showed is at F/22 is losing detail around the edges of the trees.

    Just out of interest, if you were shooting directly into the sun, why did you use such a high ISO?

  • William Sanford:

    It is the size. The original shows a little graininess because the ISO is at 1600, but the detail is there. I was trying the shot at 1/8000th of a second and left the ISO on auto.

  • Garth Smith

    Garth Smith

    from wikipedia (not that wikipedia is the last word on any subject)
    Aperture
    Adjustment of the lens opening, measured as f-number, which controls the amount of light passing through the lens. Aperture also has an effect on depth of field and diffraction – the higher the f-number, the smaller the opening, the less light, the greater the depth of field, and the more the diffraction blur. The focal length divided by the f-number gives the effective aperture diameter.

  • William Sanford

    William Sanford

    The subtle difference with Aperture and F-stop is Aperture is the actual opening and F-stop is a measurement.

    Linear aperture is the size of the opeinging that the light passes through.
    Relative aperture is F/stop which is focal length divided by linear aperture.

  • L.D. Bonner

    L.D. Bonner

    I think a visual would be appropriate , but im an absolute newbie, so everything makes more sense visually. continue.. good discussion.

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